WPC VL8c4dN ޳=6t; po;WOL}f{u5r|l 9124]Ve4=&:cja3v"A!iaUxf5ȉ<>_K6+St4LaZRd8'lY7f},E?Z#Q?NMèVt6B#!U1N %  0(UN9U<U6w@49Mb\ 0PdN 0S^  m 0. 1m. U, M 1u @ U>@ U0~ M 0FL 0D AB 0D HP LaserJet 4000 PCL 60(uH Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($(uH Z6Times New Roman Regular\  `$Times NewRoman<6X9`(Courier New EEV%&6X3|xE- ((3/Q$ !   d 64heading 1&    Q\  `$Times NewRomanQ   '    XXXQ\  `$Times NewRomanQ{y% U<Zj:Default ParaXXXA(\ Y`SymbolAXXXQ\  `$Times NewRomanQ$35;AGMU]e1I.A.1.a)(1)(a)(i)(a)(\ Y`Symbol##37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)\  `&Times New Roman(X  `Palatino>b$Large Circle0 (3$ !  #y  <<= 8C6b$Triangle0 !  _X:lXXX 8:lXXdd8@  eXXZfLMXX:lDE #XZfXeɱ##LMML+#LMML eXXZfD.State/pProvincialiInnovations#X:lXML#eXXZf#XZfXem# #X:lXXX:l#X:lXXX:lԈ    OnTuesday,April20,theBoardwillreceivebriefingsfromitsmembersonrecentinnovations.Thusfar,thefollowingpeoplewilldiscussthetopicslistedbelow.IfthereareadditionalinnovationstoreportonpleasecallDougLarson(303/5738910).Therewillbeanoverheadprojectoravailable.Ifyouusehandouts,pleasebring25copies.  CanadiangreenhousegasemissionstradingWarrenBell(BC)  ImprovingenergyefficiencyinoilfieldsJeffBurks(UT),Bill_Keese_Ԁ(CA)  SolarportfoliostandarddevelopmentsRose_McKinney_ԄJames(NV)  CooperativesforaggregatingcustomersBill_Keese_Ԁ(CA)  _MTBE_ԀfollowupBill_Keese_Ԁ(CA)  MillionsolarroofsAmanda_Ormond_Ԁ(AZ)  Y2KimpactsRick_Grice_Ԁ(CO)0  SmartJitneysPhilCarver(OR)#X:lXXX:l #V (#(#   Followingisbriefingmaterialonseveraloftheseitems.  $4 #  88XHR [QXX:l  ?+ 4 <DL!X?@XX:l@@#X:lX@##X:lXXX:l#XXXX:l !XXUpdateonClimateChangePolicyandInitiativesinCanada#XX!  # H  XX#X:lXXX_ #X:lXXX:l  #X:lX@ ##X:lXXX:l #XXXX:lXX#X:lXXX( #X:lXXX:l#X:lX@ ##X:lXXX:l #XXXX:lXX#X:lXXX+ #X:lXXX:l#X:lX@j ##X:lXXX:l #XXXX:lThisupdatewillcover: . XX#X:lXXX/ #X:lXXX:l#X:lX@\ ##X:lXXX:l #XXXX:lXX#X:lXXX]#X:lXXX:l ,?+ 4 <DL!X? #X:lX@# ##X:lXXX:l#XɬXXX:l_ _ d XXɬ#X:lXXXɬ#X:lXXX:l#X:lX@t##X:lXXX:lj#XXXX:ltheCanadianpolicycontextforaddressingclimatechange,includingtherolesandrelative  interestsofthefederalandprovincialgovernments#X:lXXX#XɬXXX:l_ _ d #X:lXXXɬ#XXXX:lanoverviewofCanadasnationalclimatechangeprocess,whichisguidingthedevelopmentofa   nationalimplementationstrategyfortheKyotoProtocol#X:lXXXE#XɬXXX:l_ _ d #X:lXXXɬ5#XXXX:lanoverviewofsomeofthekeypolicy,economicandjurisdictionalchallenges  b  #X:lXXXħ#XɬXXX:l_ _ d #X:lXXXɬK#XXXX:lthestatusofpolicyoncreditforearlyaction  `   XX#X:lXXXĽ#X:lXXX:l ,B+ 4 <DL!4XB#X:lX@\##X:lXXX:l#XXXX:lanupdateonCanadasGreenhouseGasEmissionTrading(GERTXX#X:lXXXa#X:lXXX:l?+ 4 <DL!X?@XX:l#@@(#@@#X:lX@##X:lXXX:l#XXXX:l)PilotXX#@-#@@#X:lX@S##X:lXXX:l#XXXX:l#X:lXXX#X:lXXX:l#X:lX@##X:lXXX:lF#R [QXX:l   ^  @3 3 #X:lXQR [#C XX:l@@UTAH:FinancingCriticalLands H @* * ThroughBetterEnergyManagementofStateFacilities#X:lX CG# V Need!b  !b70    Twentymilliondollarsovertenyearstofundcriticallandsprogramsunderthe  QualityGrowthInitiative.!b7R݌ ## Ќ  Concept!b  !bC0    EnergyefficiencyisapriorityindemonstratingtheGovernorscommitmenttomaking  L  stategovernmentoperationsmoreefficient.!bC^݌ ## Ќ  !b  !b_0    Manageenergyfunctionsinstategovernmentasa profitcentertogeneratefundsfor F  statesponsoredcriticallandsinitiatives.!b_z݌ ## Ќ  &%XX:l#X:lX%&#Opportunity  !b  !b0    Theexecutivebranchofstategovernmentandhighereducationspendnearly$30 h millioneachyearonenergyforstateownedfacilities.Statemanagedfacilitiesaccountedfor$12milliondollarsofexpendituresinFY98.Highereducationexpenditureswereontheorderof$17million.!b݌ ## Ќ  !b  !b 0    Thestatecouldrealize$7.6to$10.7milliondollarseachyearthroughenergysavings . opportunitiesbybeingmoreentrepreneurialaboutthewaystategovernmentmanagesenergyuseandprocurement.!b ݌ ## Ќ  TargetsforCapturingEnergySavings!b  !b#"0    Reducestateenergycostsbyatleast$2million(6.8%)peryear,beginninginFY2000. J Halfofthesesavings,$1millionormore,willbedesignatedfortheCriticalLandFund.Theremaining50%ofthesavings(whichmayexceed$1million)willberetainedbytheagenciesforuseindeferredmaintenanceorenergysavingsprojects.!b#">"݌ ## Ќ  !b  !b $0    SavingswillberealizedfromtheanticipatedUtahPowerratereduction.Thisamount "" willbedesignatedfortheCriticalLandFund.!b $$$݌ ## Ќ  !b  !b%%0    IfthestatereceivesarefundfromUtahPowerasaretroactiveratereduction,thefull $z!% amountwillgototheCriticalLandFund!b%%@%݌ ## Ќ  !b  !b?&0    Additionalsavingswillberealizedthroughvoluntaryenergysavingsprogramsunder t',$( the EnergyManagementInitiative.!b?&Z&݌ ## Ќ  !b  !bU'0    Additionalsavingswillberealizedaftertwoyearsthroughenergyefficientdesignof &*&+ newconstruction.ThesesavingswillbedesignatedfortheCriticalLandFund.!bU'p'݌ ## Ќ   -v*/ _XBlueprintforImplementationof EnergyManagementInitiative!b  !b)0    Preparelegislationallowingstateagenciestoenterintoenergysavingsperformance ~ contractingforuptotwentyyears.!b),)݌ ## Ќ  @*!b  !b6*0    DraftExecutiveorderestablishingenergysavingsperformancegoalsandenergy x 0 managementauthoritytoimplementcomprehensiveenergyplantoachieveenergyperformancegoals.!b6*Q*݌ ## Ќ  !b  !b~+0    DesignatepositionofEnergyProgramManagerforstategovernment.Establish   TechnicalEnergyAssistanceandManagement(TEAM)effort.ChargeenergyprogrammanagerandTEAMwithresponsibilityfordevelopingandimplementingacomprehensivestategovernmentenergymanagementstrategytoachieveenergygoals.TEAMwillconsistofrepresentationfromDivisionofFacilitiesConstructionandManagement,OfficeofEnergyResourcePlanning,OfficeofEnergyServices,andothersatthediscretionoftheGovernor.!b~++݌ ## Ќ  !b  !b.0    TEAMeffortwillprovidestateagencieswithfiveenergyrelatedbuildingservicesto @ assistinmeetingtheGovernorsenergygoals:!b.5.݌ ## Ќ  Ab  0  Ab:/0##  EnergyAccountingandBillingInformationService󀄄Reviewandassessmentof  currentutilityaccountmanagementpractices,utilitybillinghistories,andutilityratescheduleswillenablethestatetofindopportunitiesforreducingenergyandutilitycosts.Opportunitiestoreduceenergycoststrackingandauditingutilityaccountsincludeindentifyingbuildingsormetersthatareonthewrongtariff;combiningorseperatingmeterstotakeadvantageofdifferenttariffs,andutilitycompanybillingerrors.Ab:/a/݌ ## Ќ      Ab  Ab20    BuildingCommissioningServices󄄀Commissioningisaprocessthatensures " buildingenergysystemsoperateaccordingtodesignoftheHVACequipment.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbytrainingfacilitymaintenancepersonneltoperformbuildingtuneupsandtooperateequipmentinamannerprescribedbyequipmentmanufactures.Innewbuildingsthismeansperformancetestingofmechanicalandlightingsystemstoensurethesesystemsareoperatingasdesigned.Properoperationofmechanicalsystemstranslatesintomoreefficientenergyuseandlowerutilitybills.Ab2#2݌ ## Ќ  0   ## 0  Ab  Ab 50##  EnergyEngineeringandManagementServicesforESPCprojects󀄄Energy 8'#( savingsperformancecontractsuseprivatecapitaltofinanceenergyefficiencyandcapitalimprovementsinstatefacilities.Theperformancecontractorguaranteesboththeperformanceandtheenergysavingsoftheinstalledenergyefficiencymeasuresandinreturnreceivesashareoftheenergycostssavingstocoverthecostsoftheprojectandservicethedebt.Thestateretainsthenetsavings..Ab 5%5݌ ## Ќ  0  Ab  Ab70##  EnergyModelingandDesignServicesforNewBuildingsThestateofUtahhas h. +0 successfullydemonstratedthatbyofferinganincentivetoarchitectstodesignenergyefficientbuildings,stategovernmentcanreduceutilitycostsforthesebuildingsby$.50persquarefoot.Foreightbuildingsthatparticipatedina1997pilotprogramusingthisapproach,thestaterealizedanannualenergycostsavingsofnearly$300,000peryear.Ab77݌ ## Ќ  888*0  Ab  Ab#:0` (#(#  StrategicEnergyPlanningandManagement󀄄Energyefficiencycanbe d improvedandenergycostsreducedbyestablishingacomprehensiveenergyplanthatcoordinatesthefullrangeofenergyendusefunctionsofstategovernment,aggressivelynegotiateslowerpricesforelectricityandnaturalgasandrepresentstheenergyinterestsofthestateasaconsumerinhearingsbeforethePublicServiceCommission.PastinterventionsbeforethePSChaveresultedinadoptionofpoliciesthathavesavedthestateofUtahover$5.0milliondollarsinnaturalgascostssince1988.Ab#:>:݌ ` (#` (# Ќ  AdvantagesofApproach!b  !b#=0    CriticalLandPreservationisfundedthroughsavingsnottaxesorbudgetcuts.!b#=>=݌t,(#(# Ќ  !b  !b=0    Stateagencieskeep50%ormoreofsavingsachievedbyimplementingenergy @ efficiencymeasures.!b=>݌ (#(# Ќ  !b  !b>0    Agenciesgiventheflexibilitytoimplementagencyspecificsolutions.!b>?݌(#(# Ќ  !b  !b?0    Environmentalinitiativethatresultsinmeasurableairemissionsreductions.!b??݌v(#(# Ќ  !b  !b@0    Energyplanreflects SmartGovernmentapproachtoefficient,leastcost B managementoftaxpayerdollars.!b@@݌ (#(# Ќ  !b  !bA0    Improvinginfrastructureasa legacyinstateandhighereducationfacilities.!bAA݌<(#(# Ќ  !b  !bB0    StategovernmentinvestmentsinenergyefficiencystimulatesUtahseconomy.!bBB݌  (#(# Ќ  !b  !byC0    Programcanbeimplementedusingexistingstatepersonnelandresourceswithlittle !" additionalcoststothestate.!byCC݌ (#(# Ќ  !b  !bD0    Performancebasedprogramwhoseobjectivesaremeasurable.!bDD݌$>!%(#(# Ќ   R& #'    `     h      p CaliforniaEnergyCommission  H CaliforniasNewElectricUserCooperatives X&XXX:l  X#X:lXXX&@F#X:lXXX:lInCaliforniatherearethreeruralelectriccooperatives.Plumas-SierraRuralElectric v Cooperative,AnzaRuralElectricCooperativeandSurpriseValleyRuralElectricCooperative.Thesearedistributionutilitiesownedbytheirmembers,anduntilrecently,thetypicalelectriccooperativefoundthroughoutruralAmerica.CaliforniasrestructuringlegislationmadeitpossiblefortwonewelectricusercooperativesthatbreakwithtraditiontobeincorporatedinCalifornia.Theyareownedbytheirmembers,buthaveaninfrastructurethatisorganizationandcommercialrelationships,notthehardwiringofdistributionpoles,linesandtransformerslikeyoufindinthetraditionalruralelectriccooperative.Thiscooperativeformisautilitywithoutwires.Ithasthelegalandtaxcharacteristicsofaruralelectriccooperativeandcanprovidetheaggregationandprocurementfunctionsperformedbyanelectriccooperative,butonanaffinitybasisratherthanageographicbasis.Thesecooperativesaggregateconsumerloadsintosufficientlylargeamountsthattheyareattractivecustomersforpowerbrokersandenergyserviceproviders.ThefirstnewenergycooperativewastheCaliforniaElectricUserCooperative,formedof17agriculturalcoopsandanaffiliatedgrowerscooperative.CEUCsignedafullservicecontractwithNewWestEnergyServices.Californiasindependentoilproducershaveformedthesecondcooperative.Effortsarenowunderwaytoformrenewable(green),mobilehomeparkandcreditunionelectricusercooperatives,aswellasmunicipalcooperativesoraggregatorservices.TheEnergyCommissionhasreceiveda$150,000grantfromDOEtofacilitateconsumerchoicethroughaggregation,withafocusonenergycooperatives.Amongthegrantsproductswillbeanexpandedwebsite,whichwillbeavailabletoallWesternstatestopostinformationaboutconsumercooperatives.ReadmoreaboutCaliforniaElectricUserCooperatives,downloadareportontheirdevelopmentandorganizationandlearntheanswerstofrequentlyaskedquestionsaboutcooperativesattheCaliforniaEnergyCommissionswebsite:www.energy.ca.gov/coop/.#X:lXXX:lF#X:lXXX:l  ~$6!%   #X:lXXX:lO#C  $#C  X:lXXX:lCaliforniaEnergyCommission,April1,1999 H   &    C XX:lC  C    P  RemovingMTBEFromCaliforniasGasoline PsQ [QԌ  Ќ'Q  X:lX CX:lXXX:l  #X:lXXX:lP#X:lXXX:lOnMarch25,1999,GovernorGrayDavisissuedExecutiveOrderD599findingthat  usingMethylTertiaryButylEther(MTBE)inCaliforniasgasolinecausedasignificantrisktotheenvironment.Hisorderdirectedthefollowingactions: ,  2  I  .3    TheEnergyCommissionandtheAirResourcesBoard(ARB)shalldevelopa  X timetableforaphaseoutofalluseofMTBEinCaliforniagasolineattheearliestpossibledate,butnolaterthanDecember31,2002.2  II  .3    TheARBshalladoptbyDecember1999,CaliforniaPhase3ReformulatedGasoline R  regulationstoprovideadditionalrefinerflexibilitywhilemaintainingcurrentemissionsandairqualitybenefits.2  III  .3    TheEnergyCommissionandARBshallworkwiththepetroleumindustrytosupply   MTBEfreegasolinetotheLakeTahoeregionassoonaspossible.2  IV  .3   4 TheARBandtheCaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyshallworkwith  federalentitiestohaveCaliforniaexemptedfromthefederalCleanAirActrequirementtouseoxygenateinfederalnonattainmentareasaslongasCaliforniasgasolineprogramleadstoequivalentairqualitybenefits.2  V  .3    TheARB,theStateWaterResourcesControlBoard(SWRCB)andtheDepartmentof h  HealthServices(DHS)shallconductahealthriskassessmentofusingethanolingasolineandananalysisofthefateandtransportofethanolinair,surfacewaterandgroundwater.2  VI  .3   4 TheSWRCBshallstudyandcleanupgroundwatercontaminatedwithMTBE.  2  VII  .3   4 TheSWRCBshallseeklegislationtoextendthelifeoftheUndergroundStorage  TankCleanupFund.2  VIII  .3   4 TheEnergyCommissionshallevaluatethepotentialforCaliforniawastebased j andotherbiomasstoprovideethanol,ifethanolisfoundtobeanacceptableoxygenateforgasoline. C  $$C-- ,Q=4 <DL!T$&)\+- 0,QTheEnergyCommissionassessedthesupplyandcostofalternativestoMTBEingasolineandissuedastaffreportonthattopicinOctober1998.ThereportwaspreparedinresponsetoalegislativedirectivespecifiedintheCaliforniaBudgetActof1997.Asbackground,Californiaspecificationgasolineisproducedbythethirteenrefinerieslocatedinthestate,andinlimitedquantitiesatonlyfourorfiveotherrefineriesintheworld.Onlyrefinery,inFinland,producesCaliforniaspecificationgasoline,whiletheothersproducetheproductifdemanded.Sincetherefineriesarelocatedoutsidethestate,transportationtimescanbelongtodeliveradditionalsuppliestoCalifornia.Additionofanoxygenateactuallyincreasesthevolumeofgasolineproduced,andtheuseofMTBEallowsgasolinethatwouldnototherwisemeetspecificationtocomply.Thus,immediateeliminationofMTBEfromCaliforniasgasolinewouldlowerproductionlevelsmorethanthenominal1011%byvolumeMTBEthatCaliforniagasolinenowtypicallycontains.TheSupplyandCostreportfoundthatanimmediatebanwouldbe direforconsumers +(- andcatastrophicforCaliforniaseconomybecauseofproductiondeclinesandinevitableandsignificantgasolinepriceincreases.Animmediatebanwoulddecreasesupplyby15to40%andwouldexceedanyprevioussupplyreductionsduetorefineryproblems.The .H+0 resultantgasolinepriceincreasecouldnotbequantifiedsincethesupplyshortfallwouldbesolarge.(InmidMarch,refineryproblemsinCaliforniareducedsupplyapproximately15%,andpriceswentfromabout$0.92/gallonforregulartoabout$1.63/gallon.Gasolineproductionnowexceedsdemand,withtheexcessgoingintostoragefortheSummerdrivingseason,butpricesremainhigh.)Athreeyeartransitiontoanotheroxygenatewouldprovideenoughtimeforrefinersandoxygenatesupplierstoalterrefineryprocesseswhilemaintainingproductionlevelsconsistentwithdemand,withanexpectedpriceincreaseofupto6.7centspergallonofgasoline.Asixyeartransitiontoanotheroxygenatewouldallowrefineryalterationstobemadeincoordinationwithnormalequipmentreplacement,modificationandmaintenance.Thiswouldresultinanestimatedpriceincreaseofupto2.5centspergallonofgasoline.RemovingalloxygenatefromCaliforniasgasoline(assumingfederalCleanAirActchangestopermitthistooccur)wouldincreasegasolinepricesbyupto8.8centspergallonofgasolineinthethreeyeartransitionandupto3.7centspergallonofgasolineinthesixyeartransition.Preliminarily,iftherestoftheUnitedStatesweretoalsobanMTBE,thethreeyeartransitionpriceuppercostestimatewouldincreasefrom6.7centspergallonto11.7centspergallonofgasolineduetoproductiondeclines.Similarly,thesixyeartransitionpriceuppercostestimatewouldincreasefrom2.5centspergallonto3.7centspergallonofgasoline.#X:lXXX:lR#X:lXXX:l  p( #X:lXXX:li#C  $$C  X:lXXX:lCaliforniaEnergyCommission,April1,1999 H   &    C XX:lC  C    j  OilFieldEfficiencyImprovements jk kԌ  Ќ'j  X:lX CX:lXXX:l    #X:lXXX:l0j#X:lXXX:lTheCaliforniaEnergyCommissionsFuelResourcesOfficeisparticipatinginaneffort  bytheNationalAssociationofStateEnergyOfficials(NASEO)fundedbythefederalDepartmentofEnergytoincreasedomesticoilfieldproductionenergyefficiency.Theeffortwillfocusuponimprovingthepumpingefficiencyofstripperwells.Electriccostscanaccountforuptoonehalfofthecosttooperatethesewells.Costsavingsasaresultoftheincreasedenergyefficiencymayprolongthelifeofmarginallyeconomicwells.InCalifornia,theseareoftenownedoroperatedbysmall,independententitiesthatcannotaffordcapitalintensiveinvestments.AninitialmeetingwasheldonMarch1112,1999inIrvine,CAandNASEOplansatleastonemorewesternregionmeeting.OnFebruary21,1999DOEissuedadocumenttitled InitiativesforEnergySecuritytopreservetheeconomicviabilityofthedomesticoilandgasindustry,whichisthreatenedbycurrentlowoilprices.Theywishtopreventprematureabandonmentofdomesticoilwells.Fourstrategieswereproposed;oneofthemdealswithreducingdomesticcrudeoilproductioncosts,includingemployingmoreenergyefficientequipment.DOEfundedNASEO$170,000onFebruary18,1999toencourageU.S.oilproducerstousecostsavingenergyefficientoilfieldequipment.Substantialinkindcontributionsarealsoexpected.DOEanticipatestheeffortwillbringtogetheroilproducersandelectricpowercompaniestoofferutilityfinancingforenergyefficientoilproductionequipment,includingmoreefficientelectricmotors.DOEstatesthatapriorfivewellpilotprograminKansasresultedinover12percentreductioninenergyconsumptionwitha6.5monthpayback.TheCEChasassistedCaliforniacrudeoilproducersbycofunding($300,000)theWestCoastPetroleumTechnologyTransferCouncil(PTTC)attheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Ascrudeoilpricesmovedtolowerandlowerlevelsin1997,theWestCoastPTTCchangeditsfocusfrombelowgroundassessmentofgeologytoabovegroundassessmentofoilfieldequipmentandoperatingpractices.ThePTTCisassistingproducerstolowertheirproductioncoststoavoidprematureabandonmentofmarginallyeconomicwells.TheEnergyCommissionisworkingtointegratetheNASEOandPTTCactivities.Theintentistoprovidenearterm,inthefieldtechnicaltroubleshootingassistancetosmall,independentoperatorswhodonothavetheresourcestoobtaintechnicalassistanceontheirown.Asanotherwaytolowerenergycosts,theCaliforniaIndependentPetroleumAssociation(CIPA)isencouragingmemberoilfieldoperatorstojoinanelectricitycooperative.Californias1996electricitymarketrestructuringlegislationauthorizestheformationofanewtypeofcooperative,thesocalledcooperativewithoutwires.Underthisconcept,thecooperativeservesastheelectricitypurchasingagentforitsmembers,buttheactualproductionanddeliveryofelectricityisdonebyothers.Thecooperativehasnophysicalelectricitygeneration,transmission,ordistributionassets.  ,|).  4    <      D   OregonOfficeofEnergy 4   WHATARE"SMARTJITNEYS"?   Privately-ownedModelTFords,calledjitneys,cruisedalongtrolleycarlinesinLosAngelesin1914,pickeduppassengerswaitingatthestopsand,foranickel,transportedthemtostopsfurtherdowntheline.Theterm"jitney"wasaslangtermfor"fivecentsworthofanything"attheturnofthecentury.Inaperiodofjustafewmonths,anestimated900jitneyswereoperatinginLosAngelesandtheideaquicklyspreadacrossthecountry.Withintwoyears62,000jitneyswereinoperationthroughouttheUnitedStates.Infact,Seattlehadover500jitneys,whichcarriedapproximately50,000passengersperday,withoutanygovernmentsubsidies.Thepopularityoftheseprivately-ownedjitneyswasduetoseveralfactors-fewerstops,amorecomfortableride,andfastertraveltimesthanstreetcars-atthesamefare.Streetcarcompanies-whichwereusuallyownedbyelectricutilitiesorother"downtown"businessinterests-sufferedconsiderablyfromthelossofrevenuetojitneys.Tocuttheselosses,streetcarcompanyownersgotlawspassedtorestrictjitneyoperations.By1920,sixyearsaftertheirbirth,jitneyswerevirtuallyextinctintheUnitedStates.Today,legaljitneysoperateinonlyafewU.S.cities,buttheyareverypopularoverseas.Recentdevelopmentintwo-waypaging,palmtopcomputersandotherhand-held,wirelesscommunicationsdevicescanmakejitneyspopularintheU.S.onceagain.Infact,thesetechnologiespermitthedevelopmentoflow-cost"smartjitney"dispatchingsystemsandlow-subsidy,door-to-doortransitservices.Unlikethejitneysofold,moreover,smartjitneyswillonlyuseinspectedvehiclesandinsuredandregistereddriverstoprovidepublictransportationservices.Userswillalsobescreened.Smartjitneydriversorriderswouldmerelyneedtopresstwoorthreebuttonsonapalmtopcomputertoofferorrequestaride.Forexample,10=work-to-home,71=railstation-to-work,and06=home-to-shoppingcenter.Thedispatchingcomputerwouldthenmakethematchandsendthepick-updetailstoboththedriverandtheriderviathedisplayonthepalmtopcomputer.Usingthisapproach,adriverwholivesinonecommunityandworksinanothercouldberecruitedtoprovidesmartjitneytransportationservicesbetweentheselocations,includingintermediatepoints,duringcommutinghours.Thedispatchingcomputersystemwouldeventuallybillallridersandpayalldriversfortheirridesmonthly.Apart-time,smartjitney,vandriverwouldbeabletoearnatleast$200amonthprovidingcomfortableandconvenienttransportationservicestoregisteredriderswhiletravelingtoandfromworkorcollege.Smartjitneyriderscouldsavethismuchormoreeachmonth,iftheyeliminatetheneedforasecondorthirdfamilycar.̀Theuseofsmartjitneyscanalsobeextendedtoother(e.g.school, h. +0 shopping,seniorcenters,medical)trips.Smartjitneyswouldofferpassengersthecomfortandconvenienceofataxi,andthelow-costandenvironmentalbenefitsofacarpool.Smartjitneyswouldalsoofferdriversandridersanopportunitytohelpimprovethequalityoflifeintheircommunities.Smartjitneyscanreducethecostofprovidingpublictransportationservicesinlow-densitysuburbanandruralareasatalltimesandinurbanareasatlow-traveldensitytimes.Ifproperlyintegratedwithconventionaltransit(e.g.bus,rail),paratransit(dial-a-ride,taxi)andridesharing(e.g.carpool,vanpool)services,smartjitneyscanmakepublictransportationintheU.S.moreuser-friendly,moretaxpayer-friendlyandmoreenvironment-friendly.Marketresearchstudiesshowthatasmartjitney-enhancedpublictransportationsystemcouldsignificantlyreducetrafficcongestion,gasolineconsumption,airpollutionandmobilityproblemsatalowcosttotaxpayers.SmartjitneyshavethepotentialtoturnaroundthedecliningproductivityofpublictransitsystemsintheUnitedStates.Theycouldalsoeliminatetheneedtobuildsomehigh-costroadwaysortoexpandhigh-subsidytransitservices.Thesmartjitneyconceptmakesinnovativeuseofpalmtopcomputers(two-waypagers)andwirelessdatacommunicationservicesto:1.Createnewmodesofprivately-operatedpublictransportationthatcanprovidedoor-to-doorserviceatlowcost,eveninlowdensityareas.2.Integratethesenewprivateserviceswithconventionaltransit,paratransitandridesharingmodestocreatelessexpensivepublictransportationsystems.3.Facilitatenewtypesoftravelerinformationservicestoenableridersanddrivestoeasilyfindthebestwaysofgettingbetweentwopoint.4.Integratethesenewtravelerinformationserviceswithotheron-lineinformationservicestocreatelowcostpublicinformationsystems.Sincetheproposedsystemusesoff-the-shelfcomputersandexistingdatacommunicationservices,itismoreofanInformationTechnology(IT)projectthananIntelligentVehicle-HighwaySystems(IVHS)project.Itshouldbenoted,thesmartjitneyconceptisprimarilyaccomplishedthroughtheprivatesector.Thevehiclesareprimarilyprivately-owned.Thedriversareprivatecontractors.Thewirelesscommunicationsinfrastructurewillbepaidforprimarilybytheprivatesector.TheTLCsystemusesoff-the-shelfhandheldcommunicationdevices.Revenuesfromprivateinformationprovidersandadvertiserswillreducethecoststogovernment.Theproposalisinnovativebecauseitintegratesthedispatchingofprivatecarpoolsandvanpoolsinreal-timewithanexistingtransitsystem(Wilsonville,Oregon)thatalreadyintegratesdoor-to-doortransitservice h. +0 withfixedrouteservice.Althoughtheinitialfocusofthesystemwillbetoimprovethejobaccessforthepoor,itisdesignedtoimprovethequalityoflifeforallresidents.Becausethebillingwillbedonethroughacomputersystem,therewillbenodifferentiationofsubsidizedandunsubsidizedusers,sothatpoororhandicappeduserswillnotbestigmatized.#X:lXXX:l8l#X:lXXX:l#X:lXXX:l#X:lXXX:l#X:lXXX:l# einnovat.wpd